ATP and sports

 

The process of exercise is accompanied by huge energy requirements. Energy can be quickly generated through various anaerobic pathways to meet short-term, sprinting exercises. On the contrary, during long-term exercise, energy needs to be generated through aerobic pathways. In addition, Factors such as the intensity, time, and training level of the athlete directly affect the energy supply during exercise. In the short term, extreme sports require instant supply, such as 100-meter sprint, 25-meter maximum speed swimming, weightlifting and other sports. The main way of energy release during these sports is through the high-energy phosphate compounds ATP and creatine phosphate.

ATP and CP form the fastest functional system in the human body, the phosphagen functional system.

Each kilogram of muscle in the human body contains approximately 5 mmol of ATP and 15 mmol of CP. The content of high-energy phosphate compounds is about 570-690 mmol. If 20 kilograms of muscles are involved in exercise, the energy provided by these high-energy phosphate compounds can sustain fast walking for about 1 minute and cross-country running for 20-30 seconds. , or complete all-out exercise such as sprinting for about 6 seconds. For example, during a 100-meter run, the athlete can no longer maintain the maximum running speed in the later stages. Therefore, the reserves of high-energy phosphate compounds in muscle cells will directly affect the ability to exercise at full strength in a short period of time.

All exercise requires energy from high-energy phosphate compounds. But many athletes tend to rely more on the regeneration pathway of high-energy phosphate compounds, because for many sports such as football, volleyball, softball, and some track and field events, continuous maximum force is required throughout the entire exercise process. It can be seen that the ability of high-energy phosphate compounds to recover after all-out exercise is very important.

There are three ways in which the chemical energy of the ATP-CP system can be quickly utilized: the first is to directly use the ATP stored in skeletal muscles for energy, the second is to use CP (creatine phosphate) to generate ATP for continuous energy supply, and the third is to It is formed by the condensation of adenosine diphosphate. A large amount of ADP is generated during strenuous exercise, and stops when the exercise intensity decreases or the exercise is terminated, and several other energy supply methods participate in active energy supply. The body has higher reserves of high-energy phosphate compounds, which can provide more exercise time and greater intensity. This is the principle of supplementing with creatine and other related nutritional supplements.

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