New Forces in Anti-Aging: A Comparative Analysis of Three Ingredients

by: GSHWORLD Time: 2025-12-15 Classify: Product News

NMN: Energizing Core of Metabolism

As a direct precursor of NAD⁺, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) delays aging through multiple pathways.

Its primary mechanism is raising intracellular NAD⁺ levels, thereby activating sirtuin proteins that orchestrate mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic homeostasis.

NMN also boosts PARP1 activity, accelerates DNA-damage repair, preserves telomere length and dampens aberrant expression of senescence-related genes.

In animal studies NMN improves vascular function and skeletal-muscle mitochondrial performance, crosses the blood-brain barrier and safeguards neurons.

aging

PQQ: Fortifying Antioxidant Defenses

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) excels as a potent antioxidant. It markedly increases the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT, efficiently scavenges ROS and curbs accumulation of oxidative products such as MDA and NO.

Concurrently, PQQ suppresses release of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6), mitigating chronic low-grade inflammation.

Experiments in aging rats show that medium-to-high-dose PQQ restores appetite and mobility, protects thymus and spleen mass, and slows immunosenescence-delaying aging via combined antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.

Glutathione: Targeting Skin Aging

Glutathione anti-aging action is centered on skin health.

Both reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms inhibit melanogenesis, lowering melanin index and UV-spot count.

GSH also reduces wrinkle depth, improves elasticity and ameliorates photo-aging phenotypes, with benefits especially pronounced in subjects over 40.

Clinical trials demonstrate that 250 mg/day oral glutathione is safe and well tolerated, delivering whitening and anti-aging effects by modulating cutaneous oxidative stress and metabolism.

Distinct yet complementary, the three ingredients follow different anti-aging routes:

- NMN provides systemic metabolic regulation and multi-organ protection, suited for whole-body aging intervention.
- PQQ emphasizes antioxidant defense and immune modulation, ideal for individuals with prominent oxidative stress.
- Glutathione specializes in localized skin rejuvenation, meeting the demand for brightening and wrinkle reduction.

References

[1] Rahman SU, Qadeer A, Wu Z. Role and Potential Mechanisms of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide in Aging. Aging and Disease, 2024, 15(2): 565-583.
[2] Li X. A Preliminary Study on the Anti-Aging Effect and Mechanism of the Novel Food Ingredient PQQ. Modern Food, 2023(15): 189-192.
[3] Weschawalit S, Thongthip S, Phutrakool P, et al. Glutathione and its Antiaging and Antimelanogenic Effects. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 2017, 10: 147-153.

*Special note - This article is for informational purposes only and cannot replace a doctor's treatment diagnosis and advice. It should not be regarded as a recommendation or proof of efficacy of the medical products involved. If it involves disease diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation, please be sure to go to a professional medical institution to seek professional advice.