What do you need to know about NAD+?

 

Human aging is a multi-factor process. In addition to changes in appearance and posture, lipid metabolism, circulating hormones and tissue functions will also change accordingly. In a variety of model organisms, aging is accompanied by tissue and cell NAD+ levels. The gradual decline of NAD+ means that NAD+ is related to many aging-related diseases. In recent years, targeting NAD+ metabolism has become a potential treatment method to improve aging-related diseases and extend human health and lifespan.

What functions does NAD+ have?

1. Redox function

NAD+ acts as a cofactor by interacting with NADH and plays an important role in many enzymatic reactions of energy metabolism, such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, and the TCA cycle.

2. Other functions as substrate

NAD+ is involved in the non-redox processes of multiple other molecules, including DNA repair, cell signaling, mitochondrial metabolism, inflammatory response, aging and apoptosis.

What role does NAD+ play in aging?

1. Skin aging

DAN damage and genome instability are key features of skin aging. Studies have shown that the NAD repair enzymes PARP1 and SIRT1 and 6 are components of the DNA repair response and rely on NAD+ to function. Increased NAD+ levels help repair DNA and reduce DNA damage.

Mitochondrial dysfunction will also occur with skin aging. Studies have proven that NAD+ can improve mitochondrial function, activate mitophagy and improve the regeneration ability of keratinocytes.

2. Oxidative stress

Decline in mitochondrial function and accumulation of ROS will promote aging. NAD+ supplementation can upregulate NAMPT to offset the aging effect, rebuild NAD+ levels and promote Sirtuin activation.

How to increase NAD+ levels?

Restoring NAD+ levels has become a way to prevent and treat aging and restore health. You can increase NAD+ levels in your body by increasing exercise, reducing caloric intake, eating healthily, and developing good and healthy sleep habits. You can also take dietary supplements. Agents to promote NAD+ biosynthesis, such as the NAD+ precursors Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR).

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references:

[1] Conlon NJ. The Role of NAD+ in Regenerative Medicine. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2022 Oct 1;150(4 Suppl ):41S-48S. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000009673. Epub 2021 Sep 28. PMID: 36170435; PMCID : PMC9512238.

[2] Covarrubias AJ, Perrone R, Grozio A, Verdin E. NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2021 Feb;22(2):119-141. doi: 10.1038/s41580- 020-00313-x. Epub 2020 Dec 22. PMID: 33353981; PMCID: PMC7963035.

[3] Navas, L.E., Carnero, A. NAD+ metabolism, stemness, the immune response, and cancer. Sig Transduct Target Ther 6, 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-020-00354- w

*Special note - This article is for informational purposes only and cannot replace a doctor's treatment diagnosis and advice. It should not be regarded as a recommendation or proof of efficacy of the medical products involved. If it involves disease diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation, please be sure to go to a professional medical institution to seek professional advice.