Unique Characteristics of Acetyl Glutathione
Glutathione is involved in a wide range of physiological processes. As part of the antioxidant defense system, it efficiently neutralizes endogenous free radicals, reducing oxidative-stress-induced cell damage and thereby retarding cellular aging and lowering the risk of numerous diseases. In immune modulation, it boosts the activity of white blood cells—especially lymphocytes—strengthening the immune system and improving resistance to infection. Additionally, glutathione plays a central role in hepatic detoxification by converting harmful compounds into innocuous metabolites that can be excreted, protecting the liver from injury.
S-Acetyl Glutathione (SAG) acts as a powerful"ally" to glutathione. Its unique properties have attracted considerable attention in the food and dietary-supplement sectors. First, SAG is highly stable: the acetylation of glutathione renders it resistant to degradation in the gastrointestinal tract, allowing efficient absorption and subsequent intracellular conversion to active glutathione. Second, SAG possesses strong antioxidant capacity, scavenging free radicals more effectively and reducing oxidative damage in a dose-dependent manner in both in-vitro and in-vivo models.
A recent study evaluated the safety of oral SAG for use in foods and supplements through a comprehensive battery of in-vitro and in-vivo tests.
Results
In-vitro assays: SAG showed no genotoxic or mutagenic potential.
Acute toxicity: LD₅₀ > 2,000 mg/kg, with no mortality or morbidity observed.
In addition to these short-term tests, a 13-week repeated-dose toxicity study was conducted. At the highest dose of 1,500 mg/kg/day, SAG produced no neurobehavioral changes and had no adverse effects on hematology, clinical biochemistry, or urinalysis.
Key advantages of SAG
Higher stability
Advantage: Chemical acetylation of the cysteinyl thiol group in GSH yields SAG, which remains intact during storage and gastrointestinal transit.
Significance: Ensures a consistent level of active ingredient in foods/supplements, preventing under-dosing or formation of unknown degradation products, thereby enhancing safety and efficacy.
Greater bioavailability
Advantage: SAG crosses cell membranes directly and is rapidly deacetylated to GSH inside the body.
Significance: Elevates circulating GSH without the need for high doses, reducing potential metabolic burden and further improving safety while maximizing functional benefit as a dietary supplement.
Current evidence demonstrates that SAG is a safe and effective ingredient that expands healthy dietary options. When choosing SAG-containing foods or supplements, purchase only from reputable sources, read product labels carefully to verify quality and safety, and strictly follow usage instructions; never exceed the recommended dose.
Reference:
Camillerapp C, Mayfield D B, Papineni S, et al. Safety assessment of S-Acetyl Glutathione for use in foods and dietary supplements. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2025, 199: 115279.
*Special note - This article is for informational purposes only and cannot replace a doctor's treatment diagnosis and advice. It should not be regarded as a recommendation or proof of efficacy of the medical products involved. If it involves disease diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation, please be sure to go to a professional medical institution to seek professional advice.
by GSHWORLD
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