Does Citicoline Really Help Memory?

 

Citicoline is an important coenzyme in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine (lecithin). It is used medicinally as the monosodium salt of choline cytosine nucleoside diphosphate, which is white crystal or crystalline powder; odorless. Easily soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol and acetone.

1. Physiological functions of citicoline

Research shows that citicoline and diacylglycerol form phosphatidylcholine through enzymatic catalysis, forming a double-layer lipid membrane. When nerve cell membrane damage occurs, exogenous citicoline continues to supply the body. The raw material promotes the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, assists in the repair of damaged nerve cell membranes, and achieves nerve regeneration, thus avoiding the continued degeneration of dopaminergic neurons.

In addition, citicoline can also promote the release of NE, ATPase, and sodium and potassium ions. With the help of these substances, it can alleviate nerve damage and control the continued development of neuron degeneration.

The choline provided during the hydrolysis of citicoline can not only promote the synthesis of nerve membrane phospholipids, but also assist in the production of acetylcholine, promote the excitement of choline, and exert the protective function of the central nervous system, thus improving symptoms such as memory loss and cognitive impairment.

Citicoline also promotes the synthesis of glutathione and plays the role of antioxidant, detoxification, liver protection, eye repair, and immunity enhancement.

2. The relationship between citicoline and memory

Citicoline has been used as a drug since the 1980s. In 2014, the European Union approved citicoline as a new food ingredient for use in food supplements and dietary foods for special medical purposes (No. 2014/423/EU resolution). A large number of nutritional studies have investigated a causal relationship between dietary choline availability and maintenance of memory function in middle-aged, cognitively healthy adults.

In a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled experimental study of 100 healthy men and women aged 50-85 years who exhibited age-related memory impairment, compared with participants who took a placebo, Participants who took citicoline had significant improvements in episodic memory and comprehensive memory. Researchers believe that citicoline has a positive effect on the memory of middle-aged and elderly people.

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references:

[1] Hu Yaokai, Zhang Kai. Effect of citicoline in the adjuvant treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease and its impact on cranial nerve function [J]. Clinical Research, 2022, 30(02): 83-86.

[2] Nakazaki E, Mah E, Sanoshy K, Citrolo D, Watanabe F. Citicoline and Memory Function in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Nutr. 2021 Aug 7;151(8 ):2153-2160. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab119. PMID: 33978188; PMCID: PMC8349115.

[3] Świątkiewicz M, Grieb P. Citicoline for Supporting Memory in Aging Humans. Aging Dis. 2023 Aug 1;14(4):1184-1195. doi: 10.14336/AD.2022.0913. PMID: 37196134; PMCID: PMC10389840.

*Special note - This article is for informational purposes only and cannot replace a doctor's treatment diagnosis and advice. It should not be regarded as a recommendation or proof of efficacy of the medical products involved. If it involves disease diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation, please be sure to go to a professional medical institution to seek professional advice.