Does Citicoline Sodium Affect Memory?

 

Citicoline Sodium is the sodium salt form of citicoline. Citicoline is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of cell membrane structural phospholipids (especially phosphatidylcholine). It is also the source of choline used in the biosynthesis of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine plays an important role in memory and learning.

1. Importance of Citicoline

In studies over the years, citicoline has shown profound physiological functions such as neuroprotection and cognitive promotion. In addition to acetylcholine, it also promotes the synthesis of several other membrane phospholipids, including phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine. This aids in neuronal repair and regeneration and plays an important role in maintaining normal cognition. In recent years, in models of cerebral ischemia and neurodegeneration, citicoline has been shown to inhibit apoptosis and improve learning and memory. Citicoline's long-term cognitive-promoting properties have been recognized, so it is a common drug in European countries. One of the drugs used to treat cognitive impairment.

2. Research related to memory

A double-blind study in 2020 enrolled 40 young healthy volunteers and divided them into two groups. One group was given a placebo (starch capsule, 500 mg/d, n=20), and the other group received citicoline treatment. (500 mg/d, n=20) for 2 weeks. Studies have proven that citicoline can improve human psychomotor performance and working memory accuracy, stimulate cognitive function in normal healthy volunteers, and attenuate oxidative stress induced by hypervigilance.

▲The effect of citicoline on serum malondialdehyde levels compared with placebo

Similarly, a 2023 review of research on memory in the elderly confirmed that multiple trials have shown that oral citicoline has a positive effect on maintaining, reducing loss and improving memory in healthy middle-aged and elderly people.

Choline deficiency causes age-dependent memory decline in healthy individuals. Food-borne choline and other choline-containing food ingredients are partially metabolized by intestinal bacteria. Based on currently available scientific reports, citicoline may be a more A safe supplement form of choline, Citicoline is marketed as a memory enhancer in the United States and the European Union.

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references:

[1] Świątkiewicz M, Grieb P. Citicoline for Supporting Memory in Aging Humans. Aging Dis. 2023 Aug 1;14(4):1184-1195. doi: 10.14336/AD.2022.0913. PMID: 37196134; PMCID: PMC10389840.

[2] Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI. Citicoline Improves Human Vigilance and Visual Working Memory: The Role of Neuronal Activation and Oxidative Stress. Basic Clin Neurosci. 2020 Jul-Aug;11(4):423-432. doi : 10.32598/bcn.11.4.1097.1. Epub 2020 Jul 1. PMID: 33613880; PMCID: PMC7878037.

[3] Tancheva L, Kalfin R, Minchev B, Uzunova D, Tasheva K, Tsvetanova E, Georgieva A, Alexandrova A, Stefanova M, Solak A, Lazarova M, Hodzhev Y, Grigorova V, Yarkov D, Petkova-Kirova P. Memory Recovery Effect of a New Bioactive Innovative Combination in Rats with Experimental Dementia. Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Nov 28;12(12):2050. doi: 10.3390/antiox12122050. PMID: 38136170; PMCID: PMC10740861.

*Special note - This article is for informational purposes only and cannot replace a doctor's treatment diagnosis and advice. It should not be regarded as a recommendation or proof of efficacy of the medical products involved. If it involves disease diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation, please be sure to go to a professional medical institution to seek professional advice.